Causes of Abnormal Hemoglobin Electrophoresis / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the possible causes of abnormal hemoglobin electrophoresis results.@*METHODS@#The hemoglobin electrophoresis results of 5 696 patients in the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College from September 2018 to July 2021 were collected, and the abnormal results and clinical significance were analyzed.@*RESULTS@#The results of 486 patients (accounting for 8.53%) were abnormal, of which 300 cases had increased HbA2, 135 cases had decreased HbA2, 44 cases had increased F alone, and 7 cases had abnormal hemoglobin bands. Among the 486 patients, 246 patients were thalassemia gene positive (the positive rate was 50.62%), including 29 cases of α thalassemia, 208 cases of β thalassemia and 9 cases of αβ thalassemia. Among the patients with elevated HbA2, 68.67% were detected β thalassemia, 3.00% αβ thalassemia, 9.33% were suspected to be caused by macrocytosis, 6.33% by thyroid dysfunction, and 12.67% by uncertainty of the method. Among the patients with reduced HbA2, 21.48% were detected α thalassemia, 60.00% iron deficiency anemia, 8.15% were suspected to be caused by thyroid dysfunction, and 10.37% by uncertainty of the method. Among the patients with elevated F alone, the results of thalassemia gene detection were negative, 40.91% of them were suspected to be caused by macrocytosis, 27.27% by hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin, 29.55% by special physiological condition of pregnant women, and 2.27% by hyperthyroidism. Abnormal hemoglobin bands were detected in 7 patients, including 4 cases of hemoglobin D, 2 cases of hemoglobin E, and 1 case of hemoglobin J.@*CONCLUSION@#Thalassemia, iron deficiency anemia, macrocytosis such as megaloblastic anemia and non-severe aplastic anemia, thyroid dysfunction, hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin, abnormal hemoglobin diseases, the uncertainty of the method are all important causes of abnormal hemoglobin electrophoresis results. In clinical work, the patient's indicators should be comprehensively analyzed to determine the possible cause.

Effect mechanism of acupuncture for anti-asthmatic airway remodeling based on TGF-β1 / Smad3 signaling pathway / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the effect of acupuncture at "Feishu" (BL 13) + "Dingchuan" (EX-B 1) and "Kongzui" (LU 6) + "Yuji" (LU 10) for the airway remodeling in asthma rats based on the transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)/ Smad family member 3 (Smad3) signaling pathway; and explore the efficacy difference between the two acupoint combinations.@*METHODS@#Forty SPF male SD rats, aged 4 weeks, were randomly divided into a blank group (n = 10) and a modeling group (n = 30). The ovalbumin (OVA) sensitization method was used to establish asthma model in the modeling group. After successful model preparation, the rats of the modeling group were randomized into a model group, an acupuncture at "Feishu" (BL 13) + "Dingchuan" (EX-B 1) (AAF) group, and acupuncture at "Kongzui" (LU 6)+"Yuji" (LU 10) (AAK) group, with 10 rats in each one. Starting from day 15 of the experiment, 5 min after motivating, acupuncture was applied to "Feishu" (BL 13) + "Dingchuan" (EX-B 1) and "Kongzui" (LU 6)+"Yuji" (LU 10) in the AAF group and the AAK group respectively. The intervention was delivered for 30 min each time, once daily, lasting 3 weeks consecutively. Using lung function detector, the airway resistance (RL) and dynamic compliance (Cdyn) of the lungs were detected. The histomorphology of lung tissues was detected with HE staining and Masson staining, and the mRNA and protein expression of TGF-β1 and Smad3 in lung tissues was detected with the real-time PCR and Western blot methods.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the blank group, RL was increased and Cdyn was decreased in the rats of the model group (P<0.01); and RL was reduced and Cdyn was increased in the AAF group and the AAK group when compared with those in the model group (P<0.01, P<0.05). The rats of the model group had bronchial lumen stenosis, inflammatory cell infiltration, collagen fibre hyperplasia and thickened smooth muscle in the lung tissues when compared with those in the blank group; and in comparison with the model group, all of the above morphological changes were attenuated in the AAF group and the AAK group. Besides, these morphological changes of the lung tissues were more alleviated in the AAF group when compared with those in the AAK group. In comparison with the blank group, the mRNA and protein expression of TGF-β1 and Smad3 of the lung tissues was increased in the model group (P<0.01), and it was reduced in the AAF group and the AAK group when compared with that in the model group (P<0.05, P<0.01). The mRNA expression of TGF-β1 and Smad3 was lower in the AAF group when compared with that in the AAK group (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Acupuncture at either "Feishu" (BL 13)+"Dingchuan" (EX-B 1) or "Kongzui" (LU 6)+"Yuji" (LU 10) reduces the airway remodeling in the rats with asthma, which may be related to the down-regulation of mRNA and protein expression of TGF-β1 and Smad3. The better efficacy is obtained with acupuncture at "Feishu" (BL 13)+"Dingchuan" (EX-B 1).

Forensic Analysis of 9 Cases of Sudden Unexpected Death in Epilepsy / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To analyze the case, scene and forensic pathological characteristics of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP), to provide a practical basis for forensic identification.@*METHODS@#A total of 9 autopsy cases of SUDEP were collected. The basic information of the cases, the scene characteristics, the forensic pathological changes, the common drugs and antiepileptic drug test results, and pericardial fluid biochemical test results were analyzed.@*RESULTS@#All of the 9 cases were male epilepsy patients died during sleep at night, the age of death was (37.1±8.6) years, and the course of epilepsy was (21.3±5.6) years. Six corpses were in prone position and three in left lateral position. The hemorrhage of the sternocleidomastoid muscle, sternal thyroid muscle and sternohyoid muscle were found with 8 cases, 5 cases and 4 cases, respectively, all of them were unilateral. Six cases had bilateral hemorrhage of pectoralis minor muscle. Brain edema, phagocytosis of frontotemporal neurons and gliosis, cardiac fibers bend in wavy patterns and eosinophilic staining enhancement, pulmonary edema, pulmonary congestion, alveolar hemorrhage, pulmonary small bronchiole wall shrinking, tubular proteinuria and pancreatic parenchymal hemorrhage were the common histopathological changes. The biochemical test results of pericardial fluid indicated that there were myocardial ischemic damage.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Young male, early onset, long course of disease, sleep in the prone position, poor drug compliance or combination, epileptic seizure may be the risk factors of SUDEP. Cardiac dysfunction and respiratory depression might be the main death mechanism of SUDEP.

Effects of Paclitaxel and Quizartinib Alone and in Combination on AML Cell Line MV4-11 and Its STAT5 Signal Pathway / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effects of paclitaxel, quizartinib and their combination on proliferation, apoptosis and FLT3/STAT5 pathway of human leukemia cell line MV4-11 (FLT3-ITD+).@*METHODS@#MV4-11 cells were treated with paclitaxel and quizartinib at different concentrations for 24 h, 48 h and 72 h, respectively, and then the two drugs were combined at 48 h to compare the inhibition of proliferation, the apoptosis rate was detected by flow cytometry, the expression of FLT3 and STAT5 mRNA was determined by fluorescence quantitative PCR, and the protein expression of FLT3, p-FLT3, STAT5 and p-STAT5 was determined by Western blot.@*RESULTS@#Different combination groups of paclitaxel and quizartinib had synergistic inhibitory effect. The cell survival rate in the combination group was significantly lower than that in the single drug group (P<0.05). The cell apoptosis rate in the combination group was significantly higher than that in the single drug group (P<0.001). The expression of FLT3 mRNA in combination group was significantly higher than that in two single drugs (P<0.01). The expression of STAT5 mRNA in combination group was significantly higher than that in quizartinib group (P<0.001); increased compared with paclitaxel group, but there was no statistical significance. The expression level of p-FLT3、p-STAT5 protein in the combination group was significantly lower than that in the single drug group (P<0.05, P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Paclitaxel combined with quizartinib can synergistically inhibit the proliferation of MV4-11 cell line and promote the apoptosis of MV4-11 cell line by inhibiting the activity of FLT3/STAT5 pathway.

Retrospective Analysis on Traumatic Rupture of Intracranial Internal Carotid Artery in 11 Cases / 法医学杂志

Objective To retrospectively analyze the characteristics of the traumatic rupture of intracranial internal carotid artery in order to provide reference for forensic expertise examination and identification. Methods A total of 11 autopsy cases of traumatic rupture of intracranial internal carotid artery were collected. The gender, age, cause of injury, blood loss on the scene, location of internal carotid artery rupture, hardening degree of the rupture of the wall, brain injury, blood ethanol content and cause of death were also recorded. Results All 11 cases died on the scene, of which 7 died from traffic accidents, 2 falls from height and 2 from bare handed injuries. None of the 11 victims suffered serious head and body surface injury. The internal carotid artery rupture in the 9 cases of traffic injury and fall from height injury occurred in the cavernous segment. In all these cases, there were transverse fractures of the middle cranial fossa with the carotid sulcus involved, and minor intracranial hemorrhage and brain contusion. In 2 cases of bare handed injuries, internal carotid artery rupture occurred in the ophthalmic artery segment, accompanied by fatal intracranial hemorrhage and diffuse axonal injury, but no skull fracture. All 11 cases showed full-thickness rupture of the vessel wall, and the long axis of the wounds was perpendicular to those of the artery. Conclusion The incidence of intracranial internal carotid artery rupture in high-energy trauma events such as traffic accidents and high falls deserves attention. Injuries of the cavernous segment or ophthalmic segment might be more common. The main injury mechanism of intracranial internal carotid artery rupture might be that the blood vessels were pulled and the bone fragments caused damage.

Forensic Analysis of 105 Autopsy Cases of Psychiatric Patients / 法医学杂志

Objective To provide reference for medical and health services and forensic expertise, the causes and manners of death of psychiatric patients were analyzed retrospectively. Methods A total of 105 autopsy cases of psychiatric patients accepted and settled by Institute of Forensic Science of Criminal Investigation Police University of China from 2004 to 2019 were collected. The cases were divided into four groups： disease death, suicidal death, accidental death and homicidal death. The common causes of death of each group were statistically analyzed and the differences in age, disease duration, body mass index （BMI） and gender among the groups were assessed. Results Of the 105 cases, 60 were male and 45 were female, the course of psychosis was （12.9±10.4） years, the age of the deceased was （51.3±11.4） years, and 61.0% was schizophrenic. There were 50 cases （47.6%） in the disease death group, in which the psychiatric patients were the oldest and had the longest course of psychosis and lowest BMI. Pulmonary thromboembolism, respiratory infections, and cardiogenic disease were the most common causes of death in the group. There were 26 accidental deaths （24.8%）, among which traffic accidents were the most common cause of death. There were 15 homicidal deaths （14.3%）, all of which were male, with craniocerebral injury being the most common cause of death. There were 14 suicidal deaths （13.3%）. In suicidal death group, the age of the deceased was the youngest, the course of psychosis was the shortest and falling from the height was the most common way to commit suicide. Conclusion Understanding the common causes of death of psychiatric patients may contribute to developing measures to reduce the mortality rate of the population. It is necessary to investigate the age, course of psychosis and gender of the deceased when assessing the manner of death.

The relationship between Tp-ec, Tp-e/QT ratio and the degree of vein bridge vessel stenosis after CABG and the predictive value of malignant electrophysiological events / 中华胸心血管外科杂志

Objective:To analyze the relationship between corrected Tp-e interval(Tp-ec), Tp-e/QT ratio and the degree of vein bridge vessel stenosis after coronary artery bypass grafting(CABG) in patients with left main coronary artery stenosis, and its predictive value for malignant electrophysiological events.Methods:Patients admitted to Beijing Anzhen Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University from January 2018 to August 2019 were selected, coronary angiography was performed 5-7 years after coronary artery bypass grafting(CABG) due to recurrence of symptoms. 169 patients with >50% restenosis in SVG were selected. According to the degree of bridge angiography stenosis, the patients were divided into group A(50%-70% SVG restenosis, 105 cases) and group B(SVG restenosis >70%, 64 cases), routine electrocardiogram examination, measurement and correction of QT interval(QTc), Tp-ec and Tp-e/QT ratio were made. Patients were followed up 6 months, the occurrence of malignant ECG events is observed, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic( ROC) curve( AUC) was used to quantitatively evaluate the predictive power of Tp-ec and Tp-e/QT ratios for malignant ECG events. Results:The QTc, Tp-ec and Tp-e/QT ratios in group B were significantly greater than those in group A, and the differences were statistically significant( P<0.05). After multivariate logistic regression analysis, both the Tp-ec and Tp-e/QT ratios were independent influencing factors for the degree of vein bridge vessel stenosis>70%( P<0.05). After Pearson correlation analysis, both the Tp-ec and Tp-e/QT ratios were positively correlated with the degree of vein bridge vessel stenosis( r= 0.384 and 0.457, both P=0.000). A total of 162 cases(95.86%) were followed up, 25 cases of malignant electrophysiological events occurred. After ROC curve analysis, Tp-ec combined with Tp-e/QT ratio predicted coronary malignant electrophysiological events in patients with left main artery stenosis after GABG with AUC=0.924, which was significantly greater than 0.698 of the single index Tp-ec and 0.712 of the Tp-e/QT ratio, the differences were both statistically significant( P<0.05). Conclusion:Tp-ec and Tp-e/QT ratios are both positively correlated with the degree of vein bridge vessel stenosis after CABG in patients with left main coronary artery stenosis, the combined effect of them in predicting the occurrence of malignant electrocardiological events is good, and it is worth further research and application.

Domestic and international research progress of edible and medicinal Arecae Semen / 中国中药杂志

Arecae Semen, as the first place among "Four South Medicines" in China, has great dual-use value of medicine and food. The research of Arecae Semen was mainly focused on the active ingredients and efficacy value, and its potential safety hazards were also concerned. Until now, there is still a lack of clear boundaries between medicine and food, resulting in its safety cannot be guaranteed. Therefore, it is of great significance to establish clear boundaries of medicine and food use and health risk assessment. In this paper, the differences of pretreatment and application methods of Arecae Semen were analyzed, and the research progress of Arecae Semen in chemical composition identification and toxicology research and safety evaluation were reviewed emphatically. Finally, the differences of quality control and safety evaluation of Arecae Semen in pharmacopoeias or standards were analyzed at home and abroad. It was expected to provide reference value for quality control, safety evaluation and international standardization research of Arecae Semen.

Prevalence and risk factors for bone mineral density changes in antiretroviral therapy-naive human immunodeficiency virus-infected adults: a Chinese cohort study / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUND@#Studies have reported that low bone mineral density (BMD) is prevalent in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients; however, the factors that contribute to HIV-related BMD changes are yet to be fully understood. Due to the application of dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) among a select group of hospitals only, the prevalence and risk factors of low BMD in HIV-infected populations have not been intensively investigated in China. Thus, the aim of our study was to investigate the prevalence of and risk factors associated with BMD changes among antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naive HIV-positive patients in China.@*METHODS@#The assessment of the prevalence of and risk factors associated with BMD changes was conducted among 156 ART-naive HIV-infected patients. Demographic and clinical data, as well as results of fasting blood tests were obtained from patients. Further, all patients underwent DXA scans to determine BMD, which was then used to classify patients with osteopenia/osteoporosis. The risk factors of reduced BMD were then evaluated using binary logistic regression.@*RESULTS@#Among the 156 ART-naive HIV-infected participants, osteopenia and osteoporosis were diagnosed in 48.7% (76/156) and 4.5% (7/156) of patients, respectively. The lumbar spine was most likely to have reduced BMD (49.4% [77/156]), and the proportion of osteopenia in the left hip (32.7% [51/156]) was higher than in the right hip (24.4% [38/156]). In the lumbar spine, bone loss rate in the L1 section (60.9% [95/156]) was the most significant (L2, 53.2% [83/156]; L3, 45.5% [71/156]; L4, 52.6% [82/156]). Further analysis showed that, compared with the neck (26.9% [42/156] in the left, 18.6% [29/156] in the right) and the interior (15.4% [24/156] in the left, 13.5% [21/156] in the right), the trochanter had the greatest probability of reduced BMD (46.2% [72/156] in the left, 28.8% [45/156] in the right). In the risk factor analysis, low body mass index (BMI: <18.5 kg/m2) was positively associated with reduced BMD (Exp (B) = 39.743, 95% confidence interval: 3.234-488.399, P = 0.004), and was specifically positively correlated with BMD values at three sites (r = 0.335 at right hip, r = 0.327 at left hip, r = 0.311 at lumbar spine).@*CONCLUSION@#Reduced BMD was found in the majority of ART-naive HIV-infected patients and BMI was identified as an additional risk factor for reduced BMD. Our results show that BMD reduction was simultaneously present in the left hip, right hip, and lumbar spine among nearly one fifth of patients. Our work highlights the importance of closely monitoring BMD in ART-naive patients and provides a foundation for the clinical intervention of bone demineralization in them.

Effect and Mechanism of Buyang Huanwu Tang on Atherosclerotic Plaque Based on Treg Cells / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective::To explore the effect and mechanisms of Buyang Huanwu Tang (BYHWT) on atherosclerotic plaque based on regulatory T cells (Treg) and inflammation. Method::Totally 50 ApoE knockout(ApoE-/-)mice aged 8 weeks were randomly divided into model group, low, medium, high-dose BYHWT groups, positive control group, and C57/BL mice were taken as control group. The model group and the BYHWT group were given high-fat diet for 12 weeks, while the control group was given normal diet. After successful modeling, BYHWT groups were given drugs (5, 10, 20 g·kg-1) through intragastric administration, the positive control group was given rapamycin (4 mg·kg-1), while the control group and the model group were given equal doses normal saline through intragastric administration for 4 weeks. Four weeks later, the mice were sacrificed. Manufactured paraffin sections were prepared for the aortic sinus of the heart. The plaque area was evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, and the number of Treg cells in immunohistochemical staining plaque was detected. Blood was collected from eye canthus of mice, the expression of inflammatory factors in peripheral blood was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the forkhead box P3 (Foxp3) gene expression in peripheral blood was detected by Real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Result::Compared with the control group, the area of atherosclerotic plaques in the model group was significantly increased (P<0.01), the contents of serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were significantly increased (P<0.05), and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) were significantly decreased (P<0.05), and the peripheral blood Fxop3 mRNA expression was decreased (P<0.05). Compared with the model group, the plaque areas in middle-dose and high-dose BYHWT groups were significantly reduced(P<0.05), the peripheral blood TNF-α and IL-6 contents were decreased (P<0.01), the TGF-β and IL-10 expressions were increased in the high-dose group (P<0.05, P<0.01), the number of Treg cells in the plaque was increased in the high-dose group (P<0.01), and the peripheral blood Fxop3 mRNA expression was increased in each BYHWT group (P<0.01). Conclusion::BYHWT has an anti-atherosclerosis effect, which may be related to the increase of the number of Treg cells and thereby inhibiting the inflammatory response in vivo.

Serum levels and clinical significances of miR-205 and miR-221 in patients with colon cancer / 国际肿瘤学杂志

Objective@#To investigate the serum levels and clinical significances of microRNA-205 (miR-205) and microRNA-221 (miR-221) in patients with colon cancer.@*Methods@#A total of 172 patients with colon cancer (colon cancer group), 130 patients with benign diseases of colon (benign lesion group) and 70 healthy persons (control group) admitted to Central Hospital of Western Hainan from January 2016 to December 2018 were selected. The serum levels of miR-205 and miR-221 in each group were detected, and their relationships with clinicopathological characteristics of patients with colon cancer were analyzed. The diagnostic values of the serum levels of miR-205 and miR-221 in colon cancer were analyzed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between the serum levels of miR-205 and miR-221.@*Results@#The serum levels of miR-205 in colon cancer group, benign lesion group and control group were 2.84±0.96, 1.16±0.27 and 1.05±0.23, with a statistically significant diffe-rence (F=10.113, P<0.001). The serum levels of miR-221 in the three groups were 1.95±0.74, 0.37±0.08 and 0.32±0.05, with a statistically significant difference (F=12.416, P<0.001). Further pairwise comparisons found that the serum levels of miR-205 and miR-221 in colon cancer group were significantly higher than those in benign lesion group and control group (all P<0.001). The serum levels of miR-205 and miR-221 in patients with colon cancer were related with TNM stage (t=5.412, P<0.001; t=6.103, P<0.001), degree of tumor differentiation (t=4.573, P=0.028; t=4.805, P=0.013) and with or without lymph node metastasis (t=5.837, P<0.001; t=7.410, P<0.001). ROC curve analysis showed that the optimal cut-off values of the serum levels of miR-205 and miR-221 for the diagnosis of colon cancer were 2.17 and 1.30, respectively. The area under the curve of the two combined diagnostic method for colon cancer was the largest (0.924, 95%CI: 0.865-0.983), with the sensitivity and specificity of 91.3% and 87.4%. The correlation analysis showed that the serum levels of miR-205 and miR-221 were positively correlated in patients with colon cancer (r=0.837, P<0.001).@*Conclusion@#The serum levels of miR-205 and miR-221 are significantly increased in patients with colon cancer, and the two combined detection has a high value for the diagnosis of colon cancer.

Clinical analysis of ovarian hernia: report of 1 case / 中国实用妇科与产科杂志

OBJECTIVE: To explore the clinical characteristics,diagnosis,treatment,and prognosis of ovarian hernia.METHODS: The clinical data of 1 case of ovarian hernia admitted to Affiliated Shengjing Hospital,China Medical University,from 2018-07-18 were analyzed,and the related literatures at home and abroad were analyzed and summarized.RESULTS: The patient was 30 years old and visited hospital with the chief complaints of“1 d of vulva pain after assisted reproduction with 4 h of aggravation”.Ultrasonography showed that a 5.2 cm×3.6 cm×3.5 cm mass was seen in the left pubic mound,which was considered to be the vulva neoplasm. The pain was not significantly alleviated after the vaginal mass puncture treatment in the assisted reproductive department.MRI examination suggested ovarian hernia.High ligation repair of inguinal hernia and ovary repair were performed in emergency. Ovaries were successfully retained during the operation.A total of 6 cases have been reported by searching relevant literatures at home and abroad. The disease is often manifested as conscious inguinal mass,lower abdominal pain or asymptomatic.The treatment method is mainly surgery.For young women,early diagnosis and treatment should be made as soon as possible to preserve the ovary.CONCLUSION: Early diagnosis and treatment based on clinical symptoms is recommended to avoid misdiagnosis for young women with reproductive function.A multimodal and multidisciplinary approach is recommended to safely and effectively preserve ovarian function.

Serum levels and clinical significances of miR-205 and miR-221 in patients with colon cancer / 国际肿瘤学杂志

Objective To investigate the serum levels and clinical significances of microRNA-205 (miR-205) and microRNA-221 (miR-221) in patients with colon cancer.Methods A total of 172 patients with colon cancer (colon cancer group),130 patients with benign diseases of colon (benign lesion group) and 70 healthy persons (control group) admitted to Central Hospital of Western Hainan from January 2016 to December 2018 were selected.The serum levels of miR-205 and miR-221 in each group were detected,and their relationships with clinicopathological characteristics of patients with colon cancer were analyzed.The diagnostic values of the serum levels of miR-205 and miR-221 in colon cancer were analyzed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between the serum levels of miR-205 and miR-221.Results The serum levels of miR-205 in colon cancer group,benign lesion group and control group were 2.84 ± 0.96,1.16 ± 0.27 and 1.05 ± 0.23,with a statistically significant difference (F =10.113,P ＜ 0.001).The serum levels of miR-221 in the three groups were 1.95 ± 0.74,0.37 ± 0.08 and 0.32 ± 0.05,with a statistically significant difference (F =12.416,P ＜ 0.001).Further pairwise comparisons found that the serum levels of miR-205 and miR-221 in colon cancer group were significantly higher than those in benign lesion group and control group (all P ＜ 0.001).The serum levels of miR-205 and miR-221 in patients with colon cancer were related with TNM stage (t =5.412,P ＜0.001;t =6.103,P ＜0.001),degree of tumor differentiation (t =4.573,P =0.028;t =4.805,P =0.013) and with or without lymph node metastasis (t =5.837,P ＜ 0.001;t =7.410,P ＜ 0.001).ROC curve analysis showed that the optimal cut-off values of the serum levels of miR-205 and miR-221 for the diagnosis of colon cancer were 2.17 and 1.30,respectively.The area under the curve of the two combined diagnostic method for colon cancer was the largest (0.924,95％ CI:0.865-0.983),with the sensitivity and specificity of 91.3％ and 87.4％.The correlation analysis showed that the serum levels of miR-205 and miR-221 were positively correlated in patients with colon cancer (r =0.837,P ＜0.001).Conclusion The serum levels of miR-205 and miR-221 are significantly increased in patients with colon cancer,and the two combined detection has a high value for the diagnosis of colon cancer.

Effects of azithromycin and clarithromycin on biofilm formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa / 临床检验杂志

Objective To investigate the effects of azithromycin and clarithromycin on biofilm formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.Methods The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of azithromycin,clarithromycin,ceftazidime,ciprofloxacin and gentamicin against 4 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853,PA1,PA2 and PA3) were determined by broth microdilution method.The biofilm formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was identified by silver dyeing method on the biofilm model with medical microporous membranes in vitro.The effects of azithromycin and clarithromycin on the adhesion of biofilm were detected by crystal violet staining.The synergistic bactericidal effects of azithromycin and clarithromycin with ceftazidime,ciprofloxacin or gentamicin were detected by thiazolyl blue method respectively.Results The MIC values of Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853,PA1,PA2 and PA3 for azithromycin,clarithromycin,cefiazidime,ciprofloxacin and gentamycin were 32,64,1,≤0.125 and 0.25 μg/mL;32,256,8,0.25 and 1 μg/mL;64,128,＞ 256,32 and 2 μg/mL and 64,128,8,2 and 0.25 μg/mL.The results of silver staining showed that the microfiltration membranes of all the four P.aeruginosa cultures appeared to be grayish black,thick and dense,and cotton-like.Compared with the control group in which no antibacterial drugs were added,both azithromycin and clarithromycin (1/16 or 1/4 MIC) reduced significantly the adhesion of the 4 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853,PA1,PA2 and PA3) on the microporous membrane (Pall ＜ 0.05).Compared with the use of 1 MIC of ceftazidime,ciprofloxacin or gentamycin alone,the combination of anyone of the four antimicrobial drug with azithromycin or clarithromycin (1/16 MIC) reduced the counts of viable bacteria on each biofilms with significant differences (P all ＜ 0.01).Conclusion Azithromycin and clarithromycin could effectively inhibit the biofilm formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and may present synergistic effects combined with cefiazidime,ciprofloxacin or gentamicin.

Three-dimensional Culture of Human Airway Epithelium in Matrigel for Evaluation of Human Rhinovirus C and Bocavirus Infections / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

OBJECTIVE@#Newly identified human rhinovirus C (HRV-C) and human bocavirus (HBoV) cannot propagate in vitro in traditional cell culture models; thus obtaining knowledge about these viruses and developing related vaccines are difficult. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a novel platform for the propagation of these types of viruses.@*METHODS@#A platform for culturing human airway epithelia in a three-dimensional (3D) pattern using Matrigel as scaffold was developed. The features of 3D culture were identified by immunochemical staining and transmission electron microscopy. Nucleic acid levels of HRV-C and HBoV in 3D cells at designated time points were quantitated by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Levels of cytokines, whose secretion was induced by the viruses, were measured by ELISA.@*RESULTS@#Properties of bronchial-like tissues, such as the expression of biomarkers CK5, ZO-1, and PCK, and the development of cilium-like protuberances indicative of the human respiration tract, were observed in 3D-cultured human airway epithelial (HAE) cultures, but not in monolayer-cultured cells. Nucleic acid levels of HRV-C and HBoV and levels of virus-induced cytokines were also measured using the 3D culture system.@*CONCLUSION@#Our data provide a preliminary indication that the 3D culture model of primary epithelia using a Matrigel scaffold in vitro can be used to propagate HRV-C and HBoV.

Interaction between STIM1 and Orai1 in calcium-sensing receptor-media-ted calcium influx and nitric oxide generation / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM:To investigate the interaction of Ca 2+-sensing proteins , stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) and calcium release-activated calcium channel protein 1 (Orai1), in Ca2+-sensing receptor (CaSR)-mediated extracellular Ca2+ influx and production of nitric oxide ( NO).METHODS: Human umbilical vein endothlial cells (HUVECs) were incubated with CaSR agonist spermine [activating store-operated calcium channels (SOC) and receptor-operated calcium channels ( ROC) ] alone or combined with CaSR negative allosteric modulator Calhex 231+ROC analogue TPA (activating ROC, blocking SOC), protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor Ro 31-8220, or PKCα/β1 selective inhibitor Go 6976 (activate SOC, blocking ROC).The protein expression of STIM1 and Orai1 was determined by the method of immu-nofluorescence .The interaction between STIM 1 and Orai1 was examined by co-immunoprecipitation .The second to third passages of HUVECs were divided into STIM 1 and Orai1 short hairpin RNA group ( shSTIM1+shOrai1 group ) , vehicle-STIM1+vehicle-Orai1 group and control group , and then incubated with the 4 different treatments above .The intracellular Ca2+concentration ( [ Ca2+] I ) was detected using the fluorescent Ca 2+indicator Fura-2/AM.The production of NO was also determined by DAF-FM DA fluorescent probe .RESULTS:The protein expression of STIM 1 and Orai1 was located in the cytoplasm.Compared with control group , the localization of STIM1 and Orai1 in the cytoplasm was reduced after the HUVECs were incubated with Calhex 231+TPA, Ro 31-8220 or Go 6976, and the interaction of STIM1 and Orai1 was de-creased significantly .The [ Ca2+] I and the net NO fluorescence intensity in shSTIM 1+shOrai1 group were significantly re-duced after the 4 different treatments (P<0.05).CONCLUSION:STIM1 and Orai1 are components of SOC and ROC in store-and receptor-operated Ca 2+entry and NO generation .

Interaction between STIM1 and Orai1 in calcium-sensing receptor-media-ted calcium influx and nitric oxide generation / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM:To investigate the interaction of Ca 2+-sensing proteins , stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) and calcium release-activated calcium channel protein 1 (Orai1), in Ca2+-sensing receptor (CaSR)-mediated extracellular Ca2+ influx and production of nitric oxide ( NO).METHODS: Human umbilical vein endothlial cells (HUVECs) were incubated with CaSR agonist spermine [activating store-operated calcium channels (SOC) and receptor-operated calcium channels ( ROC) ] alone or combined with CaSR negative allosteric modulator Calhex 231+ROC analogue TPA (activating ROC, blocking SOC), protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor Ro 31-8220, or PKCα/β1 selective inhibitor Go 6976 (activate SOC, blocking ROC).The protein expression of STIM1 and Orai1 was determined by the method of immu-nofluorescence .The interaction between STIM 1 and Orai1 was examined by co-immunoprecipitation .The second to third passages of HUVECs were divided into STIM 1 and Orai1 short hairpin RNA group ( shSTIM1+shOrai1 group ) , vehicle-STIM1+vehicle-Orai1 group and control group , and then incubated with the 4 different treatments above .The intracellular Ca2+concentration ( [ Ca2+] I ) was detected using the fluorescent Ca 2+indicator Fura-2/AM.The production of NO was also determined by DAF-FM DA fluorescent probe .RESULTS:The protein expression of STIM 1 and Orai1 was located in the cytoplasm.Compared with control group , the localization of STIM1 and Orai1 in the cytoplasm was reduced after the HUVECs were incubated with Calhex 231+TPA, Ro 31-8220 or Go 6976, and the interaction of STIM1 and Orai1 was de-creased significantly .The [ Ca2+] I and the net NO fluorescence intensity in shSTIM 1+shOrai1 group were significantly re-duced after the 4 different treatments (P<0.05).CONCLUSION:STIM1 and Orai1 are components of SOC and ROC in store-and receptor-operated Ca 2+entry and NO generation .

Advance in methods of induced-embryonic stem cell differentiation to retinal cells / 中华实验眼科杂志

Retinal degenerative disease is the leading cause of visual loss,the mechanism is not clear and has no effective treatment method.In recent years,the field of stem cell research has made great progress.Stem cells have the potential of differentiating into all the body cells.Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) can be used to differentiate a variety of retinal cells,which has brought a new promise for the treatment of retinal degeneration disease.However,the most important step of this treatment is how to differentiate ESCs into photoreceptor cells and retinal pigment epithelium (RPF) cells.In this paper,we introduced the recent progress in the differentiation methods of ESCs into retinal cells,which contains spontaneous differentiation method,co-culture method,growth factors and small molecules induced method,adherent monoculture method,three dimensional differentiation method.

Persistence of uropathogenic Escherichia Coli in the bladders of female patients with sterile urine after antibiotic therapies / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

This study aimed to provide evidence of persistent uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) in female patients with recurrent urinary tract infection (UTI) after antibiotic therapy. We collected biopsies of the bladder, and clean-catch urine samples from 32 women who had episodes of recurrent UTI and were given antibiotic therapy. Urine samples and biopsies were analyzed by conventional bacteriological techniques. Phylogenetic group and 16 virulence factors (VFs) of UPEC were determined using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The infection capability of UPEC was confirmed in a mouse model. Immunofluorescence and electron microscopy were used to detect intracellular bacterial communities (IBCs) in the mouse model. The results showed that all urine specimens were detected sterile. E. coli was found in 6 of 32 biopsies (18.75%), and was identified to be UPEC by PCR. Different VFs associated with the formation of IBCs were identified in all six UPEC isolates. Each UPEC isolate was capable of forming IBCs within the bladder epithelial cells of mice. In conclusion, UPEC with distinctive pathological traits and the capability of IBC formation was first found in the bladders of women after antibiotic therapy, suggesting that the IBC pathogenic pathway may occur in humans and it plays an important role in UTI recurrence.

Gene Knockdown in Human Rhinovirus 1B Using 2'-OMe-modified siRNAs Results in the Reactivation of the Interferon Response / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

The aim of this study was to investigate the knockdown efficiency of 2'-O-methylated (2'-OMe)-modified small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) on human rhinovirus 1B (HRV1B) replication and the interferon response. Thus, 24 2'-OMe-modified siRNAs were designed to target HRV1B. The RNA levels of HRV1B, Toll-like receptor 3, melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5, retinoic acid inducible gene-I, and interferons were determined in HRV1B-infected HeLa and BEAS-2B epithelial cells transfected with 2'-OMe-modified siRNAs. The results revealed that all 2'-OMe-modified siRNAs interfered with the replication of HRV1B in a cell-specific and transfection efficiency-dependent manner. Viral activation of Toll-like receptor 3, melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5, retinoic acid inducible gene-I, and the interferon response was detected. In conclusion, the 2'-OMe-modified siRNAs used in this study could interfere with HRV1B replication, possibly leading to the reactivation of the interferon response.